Complete replacement of the knee joint with a prosthesis.
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Total Knee Replacement
This procedure is used to treat severe osteoarthritis and other conditions that cause pain and disability in the knee. The damaged knee is replaced with an artificial prosthesis that allows for regained function and pain relief.
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Introduction
A total knee replacement, or total knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the worn-out or damaged surfaces of the knee joint with artificial parts. It is commonly indicated for severe osteoarthritis of the knee.
Indications
This surgery is advised for severe knee pain that limits daily activities, moderate to severe pain at rest or at night, chronic knee inflammation that doesn't respond to rest or medication, or when other conservative treatments have failed. Osteoarthritis is the most common reason, where the cartilage gradually wears away, often affecting older people.
Procedure and Post-operative Car
The surgery is performed under spinal or general anesthesia. An incision is made, and the damaged parts of the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone) are removed. New artificial components are attached to the bone ends, and a plastic piece is placed between them to act as a cushion. The back of the kneecap may also be prepared for a plastic component. Rehabilitation begins immediately, with a physical therapist teaching exercises to strengthen the leg and restore movement. Crutches or a walker are used for initial walking.
Risks and Complications
Possible risks include knee stiffness, infection, blood clots, nerve and blood vessel damage, ligament injuries, and loosening of the implant.