Microfracture is a surgical technique for repairing articular cartilage damage, also known as chondral defects. Articular cartilage is a smooth, shiny tissue at the ends of bones that reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber. Because it has no blood supply, damaged cartilage cannot repair itself and can lead to arthritis.

Indications and Contraindications

Microfracture is used to repair damaged knee cartilage by drilling small holes to stimulate new cartilage growth. The best candidates are patients with cartilage degeneration limited to small areas, who are young, active, and have pain from cartilage injuries. It is not recommended for patients with widespread arthritis, those who are inactive, or those unwilling to participate in a rehabilitation program.

Diagnosis and Procedure

Diagnosis involves a physical examination and an MRI. An arthroscopy may be used for a final determination. The procedure is performed under anesthesia, often using an arthroscope. The surgeon makes small incisions, removes the damaged cartilage, and then makes tiny holes (microfractures) in the bone below the cartilage to bring blood supply to the surface.