Transplantation of the patient's own bone and cartilage.
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Osteochondral Autograft
An osteochondral autograft involves removing a fragment of healthy bone and cartilage from a non-weight-bearing area of the patient's knee and transplanting it to the damaged area.
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Osteochondral autografting (OCG) is a surgery to repair damaged articular cartilage. Unlike an allograft, an osteochondral autograft is a piece of tissue taken from a healthy section of the patient's own joint and transplanted to the damaged area. Two techniques are used: mosaicplasty and the osteochondral autograft transfer system (OATS).
Indications
OCG is most commonly used to treat small chondral defects in the knee (1 to 2 square centimeters). It is indicated for active patients under 50 with pain, swelling, and catching.
Surgical Procedure
The surgery is performed arthroscopically under general or spinal anesthesia. The surgeon prepares the cartilage defect by removing the damaged tissue.
- Mosaicplasty: Multiple small plugs of cartilage and bone are removed from a non-weight-bearing part of the joint and pressed into the defect. Once implanted, the defect has a mosaic appearance.
- OATS: This is similar to mosaicplasty, but only one or two larger plugs are used to fill the defect.
After the implantation, the incisions are closed and a dressing is applied. Post-operative care involves a brace, crutches for the first two weeks, and early movement.